No theories yet exist which enable a reliable estimate of the probabilities of (1) planet formation; (2) origin of life; (3) evolution of societies possessing advanced scientific capabilities. […].
It is highly probable that for a long time they will have been expecting the development of science near the Sun. We shall assume that long ago they established a channel of communication that would one day become known to us, and that they look forward patiently to the answering signals from the Sun which would make known to them that a now society has entered the community of intelligence. What sort of a channel would it be?
If each civilization broadcasts only a single beam, this allows us to place a bound on the number of technologically sophisticated civilizations. […] there are less than 104 Fast Radio Bursts -producing civilizations in a galaxy similar to our own.These civilizations must belong to the Kardashev I class at the minimum,as seen from the characteristic power required in equation. […]A civilization can set up more than one beam emitter. Although it may seem unlikely, this could very well happen if a civilization has progressed to the Kardashev II or III stages.
[…] we have posited that Fast Radio Bursts are beams set up by extragalactic civilizations to potentially power light sails. […] More over, under certain simplifying assumptions, we derived an upper bound on the total number of intelligent civilizations in a galaxy (akin to the Milky Way). We also suggested that smaller light sails may be widely prevalent, which are presently undetectable as their spectral flux densities are too low.
[..] it will prove convenient to classified technological developed civilizations in three types:
I – technological level close to the level presently attained on earth.
II – a civilization capable of harnessing the energy radiated by its own star .
III – a civilization in possession of energy on the scale of its own galaxy.
Cocconi, Giuseppe, and Philip Morrison. “Searching for Inter stellar Communications.” Nature 184.4690 (1959).
Kardashev, Nikolai S. “Transmission of Information by Extraterrestrial Civilizations.” Soviet Astronomy 8 (1964): 217.
Lorimer, D. R., et al. “A bright millisecond radio burst of extragalactic origin.” Science 318.5851 (2007): 777-780.
Masui, Kiyoshi, et al. “Dense magnetized plasma associated with a fast radio burst.” Nature 528.7583 (2015): 523-525.
Lingam, Manasvi, and Abraham Loeb. “Fast Radio Bursts from Extragalactic Light Sails.” arXiv preprint arXiv:1701.01109 (2017).
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